What Is Tetralogy of Fallot?
Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a heart defect present at birth. It affects how blood flows from the heart to the lungs. Babies born with ToF don’t get enough oxygen in their blood. This causes a blue color to the skin, also called cyanosis.
It is a cyanotic congenital heart disease that includes four problems in the heart.
The 4 Defects in ToF
Tetralogy means “four.” This condition includes these four defects:
- A hole between the lower chambers of the heart (VSD)
- A narrow path to the lungs (pulmonary stenosis)
- Thick muscle in the lower right chamber (right ventricular hypertrophy)
- A misplaced aorta (sits over the hole between chambers)
These changes reduce blood flow to the lungs and cause low oxygen levels in the body.
What Causes ToF?
Tetralogy of Fallot causes are not always known. It forms during early pregnancy. It may be linked to genes or other birth conditions. Some babies with certain syndromes are more likely to have it, especially when associated with pregnancy-related heart conditions.
Signs and Symptoms
Tetralogy of Fallot symptoms often appear soon after birth. The baby may look blue or have trouble feeding.
Signs include:
How It’s Found
Doctors often spot signs during newborn checkups. A murmur may lead to tests like:
These tests confirm the shape and function of the heart.
This is where BaleDoneen can help.
We support early testing, risk checks, and long-term care for people born with heart defects. If your child has a murmur or was diagnosed with ToF, we’re here to help manage the next steps.
Treatment and Surgery
Tetralogy of Fallot treatment always includes surgery. In most cases, the baby gets a full repair in the first year of life.
Tetralogy of Fallot surgery fixes the hole and opens the path to the lungs. Some babies may need a smaller first surgery and a full repair later.
This is often called ToF repair surgery.
Life After Surgery
After surgery, many kids grow well and live full lives. But they need follow-up care for life.
Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot life expectancy is good with regular checkups. Some kids may need another surgery as they grow. Others may have rhythm problems or valve issues.
Care may include:
Prevention and Care
There is no way to fully prevent ToF. But early care and surgery help babies live longer and feel better.
If you have a family history or are pregnant and worried, your doctor may suggest extra checks.